가정법 과거, 가정법 과거완료, 혼합 가정법 완벽 정리 & 실전 문제 30제
가정법은 영어 문법에서 현실과 다른 상상, 후회, 불가능한 상황을 표현할 때 쓰이는 중요한 문법입니다. 특히 가정법 과거, 가정법 과거완료, 혼합 가정법은 TOEIC, TOEFL, 공무원 시험, 수능 등에서 빈출됩니다.
이 글에서는 가정법 과거, 과거완료, 혼합 가정법의 공식, 예문, 차이점을 표로 정리하고 실전 문제 30개 및 정답과 해석까지 함께 보겠습니다.
목차
- 가정법이란?
- 가정법 과거
- 가정법 과거완료
- 혼합 가정법
- 가정법 비교표
- 실전 문제 30개
- 정답 및 해석
1. 가정법이란?
가정법은 ‘만약 ~라면’이라는 뜻으로, 현실과 다른 상상이나 불가능한 상황을 표현하는 문법입니다.
종종 'if' 절이 포함되며 주절에는 would, could, might, should 등을 사용합니다.
2. 가정법 과거
- 의미: 현재 사실과 반대되는 가정을 나타냅니다.
- 형식:
if + 주어 + 과거형, 주어 + would/could/might + 동사원형
- 예문:
If I were you, I would study harder. (내가 너라면 더 열심히 공부할 텐데.)
3. 가정법 과거완료
- 의미: 과거 사실과 반대되는 가정을 나타냅니다.
- 형식:
if + 주어 + had + p.p, 주어 + would/could/might + have + p.p
- 예문:
If she had studied, she would have passed the test. (그녀가 공부했더라면 시험에 합격했을 텐데.)
4. 혼합 가정법
- 의미: 과거 상황이 현재 상황에 영향을 미친 것을 가정할 때 사용합니다.
- 형식:
if + 주어 + had + p.p, 주어 + would/could/might + 동사원형
- 예문:
If I had taken the job, I would be happier now. (그때 그 일을 맡았더라면 지금 더 행복할 텐데.)
5. 가정법 비교표
| 종류 | 시제 표현 | 의미 | 주절 구조 |
| 가정법 과거 | if + 주어 + 과거동사 | 현재 사실 반대 | would/could/might + 동사원형 |
| 가정법 과거완료 | if + 주어 + had + p.p | 과거 사실 반대 | would/could/might + have + p.p |
| 혼합 가정법 | if + 주어 + had + p.p | 과거 상황으로 인한 현재 결과 반대 | would/could/might + 동사원형 |
6. 실전 문제 30개
- If I _____ (be) rich, I would travel the world.
- If she _____ (study) harder, she would pass the exam.
- If he _____ (have) more time, he would learn Spanish.
- If they _____ (live) closer, we would meet more often.
- If I _____ (be) taller, I would play basketball.
- If she _____ (know) about the meeting, she would have come.
- If I _____ (leave) earlier, I would have caught the bus.
- If he _____ (listen) to me, he wouldn't have failed.
- If we _____ (take) a taxi, we wouldn't have been late.
- If she _____ (call) me, I would have helped her.
- If I _____ (study) abroad, I would speak English fluently now.
- If he _____ (exercise) regularly, he would be healthier now.
- If they _____ (not miss) the train, they would be here now.
- If you _____ (tell) me earlier, I would know what to do now.
- If I _____ (save) money, I would be buying a car now.
- If she _____ (not quit) the job, she would be the manager now.
- If it _____ (not rain) yesterday, we would have gone out.
- If I _____ (drive) more carefully, I wouldn't have had the accident.
- If he _____ (not forget) the appointment, he would have been on time.
- If I _____ (start) earlier, I would have finished by now.
- If she _____ (be) smarter, she would have solved the problem.
- If they _____ (win) the match, they would be celebrating now.
- If he _____ (not lose) his wallet, he would have money now.
- If I _____ (take) your advice, I wouldn't be in trouble now.
- If you _____ (ask) for help, I would be helping you now.
- If they _____ (complete) the project, they would be free now.
- If I _____ (call) him, he would have come.
- If she _____ (prepare) well, she wouldn't have failed the test.
- If we _____ (see) the sign, we wouldn't have gotten lost.
- If I _____ (not waste) time, I would be done by now.
7. 정답및 해석